子宫内膜异位

Signs & symptoms

通常情况下，子宫内膜异位症的症状会随着时间的推移而恶化. The severity of symptoms varies, and some women may not experience any symptoms at all. 之后症状可能会停止 更年期 或在 怀孕, though they will return after the woman has the baby and begins menstruating again.

常见症状可能包括:

• 经期前后盆腔疼痛和痉挛
• 经期腰部和胃部疼痛
• 经期出血过多
• 性交时盆腔疼痛
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• 便秘
• Nausea
• 不孕不育

这些症状可能与其他疾病一起出现. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, see your doctor to determine the cause.

Diagnosis

诊断子宫内膜异位症, your doctor will begin by asking about your symptoms and conducting a physical exam, 包括骨盆检查，检查是否有异常, 虽然这些通常很难发现没有其他, 更高级的测试.

测试可能包括:

• 骨盆检查. This is done to check a woman's vagina, uterus, bladder and rectum. The doctor feels these organs for any lumps or changes in their shape or size. 看阴道的上部和子宫颈, the doctor inserts an instrument called a speculum into the vagina.
• 经阴道超声. 在这个测试中，十大赌博平台排行榜插入一个 器械进入阴道 将高频声波对准子宫. 它们产生的回声形成了一幅图像.
• 腹腔镜检查. This is a surgical procedure that uses tiny incisions and a scope, 叫做腹腔镜, to view the pelvic and other abdominal organs to look for signs of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
• CA125检测. This is a blood test that checks levels of a blood protein known as CA125, which is a tumor marker for certain gynecological cancers, but is also used to detect a specific protein found in the blood of women who have endometriosis. However, it is important to note that CA125 levels also may be increased during 怀孕, menstruation and in the presence of other non-cancerous gynecologic diseases or cancers.

治疗

There are several different treatment options available for endometriosis. Your doctor will discuss each treatment in detail and help you determine those that best meet your needs. 治疗可能取决于你病情的严重程度, your age and whether or not you are planning to have children, 以及你是否有其他相关的疾病.

药物

Hormonal therapies can help slow the growth of endometriosis. 这些包括避孕药, 黄体酮, Danazol and the newer drugs known as aromatase inhibitors, which act by interrupting local estrogen formation within the endometrial growths.

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen can be taken to manage 盆腔痛 and menstrual cramping.

Surgery

Surgery may be recommended for some women who are trying to get pregnant and for those who suffer from severe 盆腔痛. 保守手术切除子宫内膜增生, scar tissue and adhesions without removing reproductive organs. 这可以在腹腔镜下进行, 使用一种细长的腹腔镜, 是通过肚脐附近的小切口插入的吗. The laparoscope has a laser or small surgical instruments which remove growths.

在最严重的情况下，a 子宫切除术 — with or without the removal of the ovaries — is performed. This is typically a last resort, 特别是 for women who are still in their reproductive years. Also, while surgery can be very effective in treating endometriosis, the recurrence rate of the condition after surgery is an estimated 40 percent.

Women who are experiencing 不孕不育 due to endometriosis may also benefit from treatment from an 不孕不育 specialist.